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前言：what作为逻辑标记，频繁出现在历年真题中，鉴于其类似于定语从句引导词，也就成为出题人设陷阱的关键点。另外在what从句中，还出现了“嵌入语”这种语法现象。

正文必须直奔主题.....

观察

1.1.Russia stepped up what looked like preparations to invade Ukraine.俄罗斯加速了看起来像是入侵乌克兰的准备工作。

what=the thing that

Russia stepped up the thing that looked like preparations to invade Ukraine.

可以看出，what自带先行词，自带引导词引导一个定语从句。

what引导的宾语从句就是一个被定语从句限制的名词性结构。

1.2.We're dealing with probably the biggest missing link in what we know about human evolution.我们正在解决可能是我们所知的人类进化过程中缺失最大的一环。

in what...介宾结构做状语，对主句谓语所及的范围进行限制。

1.3.At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial,but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art".印象派画作诞生之时是有争议的，但是今天他们作为我们所谓的“现代艺术”的发端为人所接受。

of what we call "modern art"，介宾结构做后置定语，对the beginning作出限制。

...........

融合性关系代词what 进入分句

1.4.The Australian government will legislate for a ban on social media for children under 16, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said on Thursday, in what it calls a world-leading package of measures that could become law late next year.澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴内塞周四表示，政府将立法禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体。这套被政府称为"全球领先"的一揽子措施预计将于明年年底正式成为法律。

in what it calls....，非限定分句，补充完善信息，说明其未来情况。

继续观察

2.He is what is known as a “bellyacher”. 他就是人们所说的那种“爱发牢骚的人”。

what=the kind of person that

He is the kind of person that is known as a “bellyacher”.

小结：what内部的that，指代的是自带的先行词。

它指代人的类型，而非这个人。

比较

疑问代词what，属性不同：

3.The shipment has been suspended while further investigations are being carried out to determine for what reason the excess amount was ordered.这批货物已被暂停，同时正在进行进一步调查，以确定订购超额数量的原因。

在本句中，疑问代词what做引导词，引导的宾语从句做介词for的宾语。

what不是融合性关系代词，翻译为“什么”，what reason作宾语从句的状语。

4.Opinions do not always converge on what exactly should be measured, or in what way it should be measured.对于究竟应该衡量什么，或者应该以何种方式衡量，意见并不总是一致的。

继续

what是融合性关系代词时，在引导的宾语从句中偶尔出现“嵌入语”：

5.1.Murphy said 23 passengers were cleared and four were being tested at a hospital in what the CDC said was out of an abundance of caution.墨菲说，按照疾病预防控制中心称是出于极度谨慎的考虑，23名乘客已通过检查，4名正在一家医院接受检测。

“ the CDC said”是嵌入语。

“嵌入语”和“插入语”是两类不同的语法现象。

“插入语”针对的是句子，为句子提供对内外衔接，需要逗号断开；

“嵌入语”针对的是分句、从句，为其提供信息来源，不能断开。

两者都不影响原结构完整；但“嵌入语”影响语义，不能删除。

5.2....found record levels of marketing resistance from consumers; a majority reported negative opinions about marketing and advertising and said they avoid products they feel are over marketed.发现消费者对营销活动的抵触情绪达到了前所未有的程度；大多数消费者对营销和广告表示不满，并表示他们会避开那些感觉被过度营销的产品。

they feel是“嵌入语”，针对定语从句这个层级，嵌入来源信息。

5.3.In his breast pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which I suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief.在他的胸前口袋里，有一块鲜红色的布片，我猜那应该就是充当手帕用的那张纸片了。

I suppose是“嵌入语”，针对从属关系分句这个层级，嵌入来源信息。

5.4.His name was Geppetto, but to the boys of the neighborhood he was Polendina, on account of the wig he always wore which was just the color of yellow corn.他叫杰佩托，但是在附近的孩子们眼中，他被称为波伦蒂纳，因为他总是戴着一顶颜色与黄玉米一样的假发。

the wig，共享的先行词。

he always wore，省略了引导词的定语从句，不是嵌入语。

which was just the color of yellow corn.定语从句。

“嵌入语”在what从句中

6.two people arrested in what police say was a plot to poison young women.警方称，两名涉嫌密谋毒害年轻女性的人已被逮捕。

7. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?” That is, “What if it isn’t a A real opportunity?”我跟他们说，他们不能打开那扇他们明明知道是门的东西。要是日后他们遇到了某种象征性的门（比如某种机会），而他们却没有打开那扇门并抓住这个机会，而是只是盯着它发呆，心里想着“那会不会不是扇门呢？”也就是说，“那会不会不是真正的机会呢？”

8.If you abide by a law, agreement, or decision, you do what it says you should do.如果你遵守某项法律、协议或决定，那么你就按照其规定去做应该做的事。

“嵌入语”进入包含有what从句的分句

9.One person who has had a sense of the rising wave of people revisiting old hobbies around the globe is Christian Braun, CEO of the Colorado-based company hobby DB, which he said celebrated its 6th anniversary on March 30. 克里斯蒂安·布劳恩就是一位亲身感受到全球范围内人们重新热衷于旧时爱好这一趋势的人，是位于科罗拉多州的“爱好数据库”公司的首席执行官，他说该公司于 3 月 30 日庆祝了成立 6 周年。

which he said celeb....是从属关系分句，与主句构成分句平行结构。

he said是嵌入语，针对（从属关系）分句层级，嵌入来源信息。

10.Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.在获得冠军之前，体育科学家和教练们就已经开始为运动员做准备了，他们会根据预期的夺冠成绩来构建一个“比赛模型”。

they expect是嵌入语，针对（非限定）分句层级，嵌入来源信息。

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