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摘要：当what是融合性代词时。

前言：what作为逻辑标记，可以引导不同的从句，也就成为出题人设陷阱的关键点。另外在what从句中，还出现了“嵌入语”这种语法现象。

正文必须直奔主题.....

观察

1.1.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a camp fire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.1870 年 9 月中旬一个凉爽的星夜，四名男子在如今怀俄明州西北部的火洞河畔围着篝火放松休息。

what=the thing that

the place that is now northwestern Wyoming.

可以看出，what自带先行词，自带引导词引导一个定语从句。

what引导的宾语从句就是一个被定语从句限制的名词性结构。

1.2.With recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim Smith looks through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold. 随着近期的媒体报道将禽流感与过去的致命传染病画上等号，吉姆·史密斯回顾了传染病的历史，寻找与将来可能发生的情况有关的线索。

about what...介宾结构做后置定语，限制clues。

1.3.Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most part of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。

the United States.是宾补成分。

融合性关系代词what 进入分句

1.4.The Australian government will legislate for a ban on social media for children under 16, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said on Thursday, in what it calls a world-leading package of measures that could become law late next year.澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴内塞周四表示，政府将立法禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体。这套被政府称为"全球领先"的一揽子措施预计将于明年年底正式成为法律。

in what it calls....，非限定分句，补充完善信息，说明其未来情况。

继续观察

2.He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。

what=the kind of person that

He is the kind of person that is generally called a traitor.

小结：what内部的that，指代的是自带的先行词；它指代人时是指属性而非这个人。

比较

当what是疑问代词时属性不同：

3.By the year of 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 到2015年，服装工业将生产出新型的面料，无论你把什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。

在本句中，疑问代词what做引导词，引导让步状语从句。

what 是疑问代词，翻译为“什么”。

4. I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit about the situation here.我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你关于这里的情况。

继续

what是融合性关系代词时，在引导的宾语从句中偶尔出现“嵌入语”：

5.1.Murphy said 23 passengers were cleared and four were being tested at a hospital in what the CDC said was out of an abundance of caution.墨菲说，按照疾病预防控制中心称是出于极度谨慎的考虑，23名乘客已通过检查，4名正在一家医院接受检测。

“ the CDC said”是嵌入语。

“嵌入语”和“插入语”是两类不同的语法现象。

“插入语”针对的是句子，为句子提供对内外衔接，需要逗号断开；

“嵌入语”针对的是分句、从句，为其提供信息来源，不能断开。

两者都不影响原结构完整；但“嵌入语”影响语义，不能删除。

5.2....found record levels of marketing resistance from consumers; a majority reported negative opinions about marketing and advertising and said they avoid products they feel are over marketed.发现消费者对营销活动的抵触情绪达到了前所未有的程度；大多数消费者对营销和广告表示不满，并表示他们会避开那些感觉被过度营销的产品。

they feel是“嵌入语”，针对定语从句这个层级，嵌入来源信息。

5.3.In his breast pocket he had a patch of scarlet, which I suppose was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief.在他的胸前口袋里，有一块鲜红色的布片，我猜那应该就是充当手帕用的那张纸片了。

I suppose是“嵌入语”，针对从属关系分句这个层级，嵌入来源信息。

5.4.His name was Geppetto, but to the boys of the neighborhood he was Polendina, on account of the wig he always wore which was just the color of yellow corn.他叫杰佩托，但是在附近的孩子们眼中，他被称为波伦蒂纳，因为他总是戴着一顶颜色与黄玉米一样的假发。

the wig，共享的先行词。

he always wore，省略了引导词的定语从句，不是嵌入语。

which was just the color of yellow corn.定语从句。

“嵌入语”在what从句中

6.two people arrested in what police say was a plot to poison young women.警方称，两名涉嫌密谋毒害年轻女性的人已被逮捕。

7. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. 我跟他们说，他们不能打开那扇他们明明知道是门的东西。

8.If you abide by a law, agreement, or decision, you do what it says you should do.如果你遵守某项法律、协议或决定，那么你就按照其规定去做应该做的事。

“嵌入语”进入分句

9.He wants sell his house, which I think is a mad idea. 他想把房子卖掉，我觉得那个是愚蠢的想法。

which I think is a mad idea是从属关系分句，与主句构成分句平行结构。

I think是嵌入语，针对（从属关系）分句层级，嵌入来源信息。

10.Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times.在获得冠军之前，体育科学家和教练们就已经开始为运动员做准备了，他们会根据预期的夺冠成绩来构建一个“比赛模型”。

based on what they .....，非限定分句。

they expect是嵌入语，针对（非限定）分句层级，嵌入来源信息。

附：真题·翻译

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