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九年级英语语法是初中语法的整合与深化,紧密对接中考核心考点,重点围绕 “复杂句式、语境应用、时态语态综合” 展开。以下从 “中考高频语法模块”“易混点辨析”“学习与应试技巧” 三个维度,系统梳理九年级必掌握的语法知识:
一、中考高频语法模块(按考查权重排序)
1. 时态与语态(中考占比约 20%)
九年级需重点掌握6 种核心时态的对比应用,以及被动语态的灵活运用:
- 核心时态对比:
- 时态结构核心用法(语境场景)中考常考例句现在完成时have/has + done① 过去动作持续到现在(for/since 引导时间状语);② 过去动作对现在造成影响(常与 already/yet/ever/never 连用)。- He has lived here for 5 years.(持续)- I have finished my homework.(影响:现在可以玩了)过去完成时had + done过去的过去发生的动作(常与 by + 过去时间、before + 过去动作连用)。By the time I got up, my mom had cooked breakfast.一般将来时will + do / be going to do① will 表 “临时决定 / 客观预测”;② be going to 表 “计划 / 有迹象要发生”。- I will help you.(临时决定)- It’s cloudy. It is going to rain.(迹象)现在进行时am/is/are + doing① 此时此刻正在做;② 现阶段正在做(不一定此刻)。- He is reading a book now.(此刻)- She is learning to play the piano this term.(现阶段)一般过去时动词过去式过去某个具体时间发生的动作(常与 yesterday/last week/in 2020 连用)。He visited the Great Wall last summer.一般现在时动词原形 / 第三人称单数① 客观真理;② 习惯性动作(常与 often/usually/every day 连用)。- The earth goes around the sun.(真理)- She gets up at 6:30 every morning.(习惯)
- 被动语态:结构:be + done(be 动词随时态变化),中考重点考查 “常见时态的被动” 和 “情态动词的被动”:
- 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done(The classroom is cleaned every day.)
- 一般过去时被动:was/were + done(The letter was written by her yesterday.)
- 情态动词被动:can/may/must/should + be + done(The work must be finished on time.)
2. 从句(中考占比约 15%)
九年级需掌握三大从句的基本用法,核心是 “连接词选择、语序、时态呼应”:
- 宾语从句:引导词:① 陈述句用that(可省略);② 一般疑问句用if/whether;③ 特殊疑问句用what/when/where/why/how。两大规则:① 语序必须为 “陈述语序”(主语 + 谓语,不能用疑问语序);② 时态呼应(主句为过去时,从句用相应过去时态;主句为现在时,从句按实际情况选时态)。例:
- 正确:She asked me if I could help her.(陈述语序 + 时态呼应)
- 错误:She asked me if could I help her.(疑问语序)
- 状语从句:按功能分 5 类,重点掌握引导词和语境应用:
- 从句类型引导词例句时间状语when/while/as/before/afterI was reading when the phone rang.条件状语if/unlessWe will go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.原因状语because/since/asHe stayed at home because he was ill.让步状语though/although/even ifThough it was cold, he went out.结果状语so…that…/such…that…He is so clever that he can solve the problem.
- 定语从句:修饰名词 / 代词的从句,重点掌握 3 个关系代词:
- who:指代人(作主语 / 宾语)→ The girl who is singing is my sister.
- which:指代物(作主语 / 宾语)→ The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.
- that:既可指代人也可指代物(作主语 / 宾语,作宾语时可省略)→ This is the pen that I lost.注:逗号后(非限定性定语从句)不能用that,只能用who/which。
3. 非谓语动词(中考占比约 10%)
九年级重点掌握 “动词不定式、动名词、现在分词” 的基本用法:
- 动词不定式(to do):常表 “目的、未发生的动作”,固定搭配如:want to do(想要做)、decide to do(决定做)、need to do(需要做)、It’s + adj. + to do(做某事是…… 的)。例:She wants to learn English well. / It’s important to keep healthy.
- 动名词(doing):常表 “抽象动作、习惯”,固定搭配如:enjoy doing(喜欢做)、practice doing(练习做)、mind doing(介意做)、give up doing(放弃做)、be used to doing(习惯于做)。例:He enjoys playing basketball. / She is used to getting up early.
- 现在分词(doing)vs 过去分词(done):作定语 / 表语时,doing表 “主动 / 进行”,done表 “被动 / 完成”:
- 主动:a running boy(正在跑的男孩);exciting news(令人兴奋的消息)
- 被动:a broken cup(破碎的杯子);interested students(感兴趣的学生)
4. 情态动词(中考占比约 8%)
重点掌握 “表推测” 和 “表义务 / 许可” 的用法:
- 表推测:
- must:肯定推测(“一定”,90% 以上把握)→ He isn’t here. He must be at home.
- may/might:可能推测(“也许”,50% 左右把握)→ It may rain tomorrow.
- can’t:否定推测(“不可能”,几乎 100% 否定)→ He can’t be 10 years old. He looks so tall.
- 表义务 / 许可:
- should:“应该”(建议)→ You should study hard.
- need:“需要”(need to do作实义动词;needn’t表 “不必”,作情态动词)→ You need to finish it now. / You needn’t hurry.
- can/could:“能 / 可以”(能力 / 许可)→ She can speak English. / Could I use your pen?
二、易混语法点辨析(中考高频丢分点)
- “现在完成时” vs “一般过去时”
- 现在完成时:不接具体过去时间(如 yesterday/last week),强调 “对现在的影响”;
- 一般过去时:接具体过去时间,只强调 “过去发生的动作”。例:
- 正确:I have seen this film.(现在知道电影内容,对现在有影响)
- 正确:I saw this film last Sunday.(只说上周日看了,不强调现在影响)
- “because”vs“so”两者不能同时使用(汉语 “因为…… 所以……” 在英语中只能选一个):
- 正确:He stayed at home because he was ill.
- 正确:He was ill, so he stayed at home.