2016年北京卷

D

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving

C.Supportive D.Neutral

68.The underlined word “passage” in paragraph 2 means.

A.change B.choice

C.text D.extension

69.According to the author,what role should college play?

A.to develop a shared identity among students

B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior

C.To provide a safe world without tension for students

D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development

70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

答案解析：

67. B

根据原文中作者指出大学应该促进学生从家庭的庇护走向自主和承担成人责任，而不是像现在这样让学生过度依赖家庭环境，可知作者对持续的家长指导持不赞同态度，所以选B。

68. A

根据原文“Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”，结合上下文语境，这里表达大学应是一种从家庭庇护到自主和承担成人责任的转变，可知“passage”意为“change”，所以选A。

69. D

根据原文提到大学应是探索和实验的时期，涉及思维和个人方面对新方式的尝试，以及要认识到学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性等内容，可知大学应培养学生的智力和个人发展，所以选D。

70. C

根据原文的结构，先引入大学应是培养自主性和成人身份发展时期的话题，接着提出大学未起到促进转变作用的观点，然后阐述多个次要点，最后进行总结，可知选项C展示了文章的发展思路，所以选C。