2016年6月浙江卷

C

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists()have argued that this“play”is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it

falls to the ground---and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”

50. according to some developmental psychologists,

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.

B. scientific research into babies; games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

51.We learn from paragraph 2 that

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

52. Children may learn the rules of language by

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

53. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

54. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.

答案解析：

50. D 一些发展心理学家认为，婴儿的玩耍在某种程度上类似于科学家的实验。在文章第一段中提到，婴儿的玩耍更像是一种科学调查，而不是一般人认为的游戏。因此，答案为D。

51. D 第二段提到，婴儿可能通过反复实验和对物体支撑的理解来形成对物体如何相互作用的了解，这与科学家收集直接证据的方法相似。因此，我们可以得出结论，婴儿似乎像科学家一样收集证据，选项D正确。

52. C 在第三段中提到，幼儿通过反复实验、收集证据并最终推翻理论来学习语言规则，因此选项C“重复他们自己的实验”是正确的。

53. B 最后一段提到，将儿童发展视为科学调查不仅揭示了儿童的学习方式，而且为科学和科学家提供了鼓舞人心的视角。因此，研究婴儿的游戏可能会更好地理解科学。因此，本段的主要思想是B，即研究婴儿的游戏可以更好地理解科学。

54. D 作者在文章中使用了“appear to”和“may”等词汇来弱化绝对性的表达，还引用了其他人的观点，可见作者的语气是很谨慎的，D选项符合题意。