2016年全国卷1

D

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care﹣geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?　C

A.It implies anger.

B.It promotes friendship.

C.It is culture﹣specific.

D.It is content﹣based.

33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?　A

A.The Chinese.

B.The French.

C.The Mexicans.

D.The Russians.

34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?　D

A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.

B.Break it while treating patients.

C.Evaluate its harm to patients.

D.Make use of its healing effects.

35.What may be the best title for the text?　B

A.Sound and Silence

B.What It Means to Be Silent

C.Silence to Native Americans

D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold.

答案解析：

32. C 根据第一段和第二段的描述，沉默的含义在不同的文化群体中是不同的。例如，一些文化群体认为沉默是深思的，而另一些则可能认为沉默是尴尬的。因此，作者认为沉默在对话中的含义是文化特定的。

33. A 根据第二段的描述，许多美洲原住民以及一些传统中国和泰国人重视沉默，并认为它是交流的基本部分。当这些文化中的人说话突然停止时，他们可能是在暗示听众反思之前所说的内容。因此，可能会把沉默视为仔细思考的呼吁的是中国人。

34. D 根据最后一段，作者建议护士和其他护理人员应该意识到沉默的可能含义，并且应该认识到自己个人和文化对沉默的建构，以便不会过早地打断病人的沉默，或者不必要地让沉默持续。一个理解沉默治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的病人。因此，作者建议护士利用沉默的治愈效果。

35. B 整篇文章讨论了沉默在不同文化中的含义和作用，以及护士应该如何理解和使用沉默。因此，最好的标题应该是 "What It Means to Be Silent"，因为它概括了文章的主要内容。其他选项要么太窄，要么太宽，没有准确地反映文章的中心主题。