2016年全国卷1

第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共4小题：每小题8分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860﹣1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907﹣1964)

If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O'Connor(1930﹣present)

When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913﹣2005)

On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil﹣rights movement."The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，"said Parks.

21.What is jane Addams noted for in history? A

A.Her social work.

B.Her teaching skills.

C.Her efforts to win a prize.

D.Her community background.

22.What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? C

A.Her lack of proper training in law.

B.Her little work experience in court.

C.The discrimination against women.

D.The poor financial conditions.

23.Who made a great contribution to the civil﹣rights movement in the US? D

A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O'Connor. D.Rosa Parks

24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? C

A.They are highly educated.

B.They are truly creative.

C.They are pioneers.

D.They are peace﹣lovers.

答案解析：

21. A 根据第一段关于Jane Addams的描述，她因帮助穷人和促进和平而闻名，通过建立避难所和推动教育及服务来增强社区意识。因此，她在历史上以她的社会工作而闻名。

22. C 根据第三段关于Sandra Day O'Connor的描述，她毕业后因为是一名女性而找不到律师工作。这表明她被律师事务所拒绝的原因是对女性的歧视。

23. D 根据第四段关于Rosa Parks的描述，她因在公交车上拒绝给白人乘客让座而被捕，这一行为引发了蒙哥马利公交抵制运动，从而开启了民权运动。因此，Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大贡献。

24. C 根据文章中提到的每位女性的成就，她们都在各自的领域里取得了开创性的成就。Jane Addams在社会工作上，Rachel Carson在环境保护上，Sandra Day O'Connor在司法领域，Rosa Parks在民权运动上。因此，我们可以推断这些女性都是先驱者。其他选项虽然可能部分适用于某些女性，但不是所有女性共同的特点。